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The characteristics of flat grinding machines
The flatness of the grinding disc is the benchmark for grinding and the guarantee for obtaining a precise workpiece plane. During the grinding process, the flatness of the grinding disc will decrease, mainly due to the different inner and outer linear velocities of the grinding disc, resulting in inconsistent wear. The grinding disc needs to be regularly leveled. There are two methods of dressing: 1. Using a reference plane electroplated diamond dressing wheel for dressing, as the electroplated diamond dressing wheel is basically not worn, a higher flatness can be obtained. 2. After the trimming mechanism is used to achieve better flatness, the principle of this trimming is consistent with the principle of a lathe. The grinding disc rotates, and a tool that can move back and forth is driven by the tool holder to cut the grinding and obtain a flat surface.
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Flat grinder
Reduction gearbox 1. When using a new gearbox, the new oil needs to be replaced after 300 hours of operation, and the lubricating oil needs to be replaced every 1500 hours of use. The quality of the oil should still be checked regularly during use. If there is less oil, it should be added in a timely manner. If the oil deteriorates or ages, it must be replaced immediately. 2. The gearbox should use a fixed brand and number of lubricating oil, and it is not allowed to mix different brands, numbers, or types of lubricating oil together. 3. During the oil change process, the oil inside the gearbox should be cleaned first (blown clean with an air gun), and then new oil should be injected. 4. During use, if the oil temperature exceeds 80 ℃, the machine should be stopped for inspection. After the temperature drops, the lubricating oil should be replaced before normal use. 5. Recommended oil: ISO HD-460 or medium oil HD-320 lubricating oil. 6. The oil level of the engine oil must be checked every 2 days, and for gearboxes with less oil, it is necessary to add oil in a timely manner (the depth of the oil should be in the center of the oil mirror). 7. The oil injection hole of the gearbox must not be blocked and must have an air release function. 8. The working environment of the gearbox must be ventilated. 9. The maximum speed of the gearbox generally cannot exceed revolutions per minute.
Optical Glass and Optical Cold Working
Glass is a widely used and widely used inorganic non-metallic material, which can be applied in fields such as architecture, daily use, art, and instrumentation, with a wide variety of types. Optical glass refers to glass that can change the direction of light propagation and the relative spectral distribution of ultraviolet, visible, or infrared light. Can be used to manufacture lenses, prisms, reflectors, and windows in optical instruments. The components composed of optical glass are crucial components in optical instruments. Amorphous (glass state) optical media materials that transmit light can be used to make various optical components such as prisms, lenses, filters, etc. After passing through, the direction, phase, and intensity of light propagation can be changed. Narrowly defined optical glass refers to colorless optical glass; Broadly speaking, optical glass also includes colored optical glass, laser glass, quartz optical glass, radiation resistant glass, ultraviolet infrared optical glass, fiber optical glass, acousto-optic glass, magneto-optical glass, and photochromic glass. According to different requirements, optical glass can be divided into three categories: ① Colorless optical glass - optical glass that is almost completely transparent in a wide range of visible and near-infrared wavelengths and is widely used. There are hundreds of different grades based on refractive index and dispersion, which can be divided into two varieties: Crown brand optical glass (represented by K) and flint optical glass (represented by F). Crown brand glass is borosilicate glass, which becomes flint glass after adding alumina. The main difference between the two is that flint glass has a higher refractive index and dispersion, so it is often used to manufacture spectral components Radiation resistant optical glass - It has various properties of colorless optical glass and can remain essentially unchanged under radioactive irradiation. Used for receiving γ Optical instruments for irradiation have the same variety and grade as colorless optical glass. Its chemical composition is based on colorless optical glass, with the addition of a small amount of cerium dioxide to eliminate the color centers formed by high-energy radiation in the glass, making the light absorption change of this type of glass very small after irradiation Colored optical glass - has specific absorption or transmission properties for certain wavelengths of light. Also known as filter glass, there are over a hundred varieties. Color filters can selectively absorb certain colors, while neutral filters have the same absorption for all wavelengths of light, only reducing the intensity of the beam without changing its color. Interference filters reflect unwanted colors instead of absorbing them based on the principle of light interference.
Polishing techniques for glass
After rough grinding and fine grinding, the surface of glass still belongs to a fine "rough surface", which needs to be polished to make the glass a transparent and smooth surface. The glass that has been ground with coarse abrasives can be polished with polishing materials to make it bright and shiny. Our company mainly uses mechanical polishing as the polishing method. Common polishing materials include red powder (iron oxide), cerium oxide, chromium oxide, thorium oxide, zirconium oxide, etc. Daily glass processing also uses feldspar powder.
Grinding Technology of Glass
Grinding of glass refers to the grinding of surface defects and remaining protrusions of glass products after forming, to achieve certain optical requirements and regular geometric shapes. It can be divided into two types: surface grinding and edge grinding. For example, when manufacturing mirror glass, under the pressure and rotational force of the grinding disc, the rough surface of the flat glass blank is continuously damaged and peeled off by the abrasive, ultimately becoming a flat and opaque surface.
What do RA, RZ, RP, RQ, and RSM represent in the roughness parameters
Surface roughness refers to the unevenness of the machined surface with small spacing and small peaks and valleys. The distance (wave distance) between its two peaks or valleys is very small (below 1mm), which belongs to the micro geometric shape error. The smaller the surface roughness, the smoother the surface. Surface roughness is generally formed by the machining method used and other factors, such as friction between the tool and the surface of the part during the machining process, plastic deformation of the surface layer metal during chip separation, and high-frequency vibration in the process system. Due to differences in processing methods and workpiece materials, there are differences in the depth, density, shape, and texture of the marks left on the processed surface. Surface roughness is closely related to the fitting properties, wear resistance, fatigue strength, contact stiffness, vibration, and noise of mechanical parts, and has a significant impact on the service life and reliability of mechanical products. Generally, Ra is used for annotation.